How to Use Roleplays in ESL Teaching

Use these 7 tips for using roleplays in your ESL classes to transition your students into real world situations.

George and Daisy Stocker
Updated 4 December, 2024

Roleplaying in ESL Learning a language is a complex and long process as anyone who has tried will agree. One of the most difficult and frustrating things is making the transition from the classroom to the “real” world. In the classroom, everyone knows you are a student and mistakes are allowed, and the environment is contained and safe. Speaking another language outside the classroom is completely different and often students are lost at sea as soon as they step outside the door. Lists of memorized vocabulary are suddenly useless when ordering in a restaurant.

Role-plays, or simulations, are one of the ways ESL instructors can ease students’ transition into using English in real world situations. A simulation is where students act out a real-life situation, for example checking in at a hotel, but do not act out a different personality. Role-plays are where students take on different personalities. In a role-play, for example, one student may be asked to take on the role of “an angry neighbour” which is out of character for the student.

Role-plays require more imagination by students and teacher and can be difficult to manage because they are unpredictable. The initial scenario develops from the students interacting with each other and can literally go in any direction. This gives students practice in a non-threatening environment, and gives the motivation and involvement where they have to think in English. Role-plays are interesting, memorable and engaging, and students retain the material they have learned. In their assumed role, students drop their shyness and other personality and cultural inhibitions, making them one of the best tools available for teaching a second language.

Here are a few pointers and suggestions to assist ESL teachers using and managing role-plays:

  1. The more engaging the better. The value of role-plays come from students immersing themselves in the material.
  2. Choose a “hot” topic and stage a debate. Assign students positions on the topic (for/against). This will get students out of their personality and into the role where they do not have the same inhibitions.
  3. Preparation is very important to success. Give students “personality cards” which sketch out their personal characteristics or scenario. Divide students into groups and give them time to sketch out various scenarios, and go over extra or special vocabulary. Ask them to discuss how they will act, think about the character and plan what they will say. For example, what are possible responses/replies for the angry neighbor?
  4. The teacher, as facilitator of the role-play, must support students in their role. Don’t do anything to interrupt the pretend environment. Leave grammar correction to the end. Correcting students in the middle of an argument interrupts the pretend environment. Make notes and do a debriefing after.
  5. Exaggeration is good! Encourage students to exaggerate their actions, opinions and movements. Exaggeration helps students immerse themselves in the role.
  6. Stage a rehearsal first. Have students practice their role in small groups with coaching from the other students.
  7. While the role-play is in progress, have other students suggest vocabulary first, and act as backup if they do not know.
  8. Role-plays are unpredictable, making them both a valuable learning tool and at the same time difficult to manage. Sketch out the various routes the role-play can take from the initial scenario. This will give you some idea what to expect and avoid any surprises.

Suggested topics for role-plays

  • Lovers’ problems (he has to move away to get a new and better job)
  • Spending money (Government, UN etc. spending money, who gets what)
  • Travelling (where would you go; what would you do?)
  • Debates on current affairs/politics – Extreme opinions or opinions at the opposite ends of the spectrum work well (left wing/right wing etc.)

Role-plays can range from 30 minutes or an hour to a year-long corporate simulation for business English. Staging role-plays can be challenging for an instructor but is also great fun. After you have done a few, you will know what to expect and feel more confident.

My experience is students love them, retain what they learn, and often leave the classroom laughing and still arguing all the way out of the building!

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George and Daisy Stocker

George and Daisy Stocker have travelled the world teaching ESL to children and adults. Their website www.efl-esl.com offers ESL curriculum, activities, an online forum for ESL teachers and students, free newsletter for ESL teachers and more!

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4 comments

  • Anonymous

    I agree with this. It’s fun and exciting and it gives everyone a chance to participate.

  • Anonymous

    What is a good way to make students role-play or come up with their own role-playing ideas? I’m afraid if I come up with role-playing ideas the students might be confused. I would like them to use their own imagination on how to act or role-play. Are there any good websites for role-playing ideas?

  • Daphne

    Role-playing and dramatization is a good way of motivating ESL students to learn and engage in conversations. It also boosts their confidence. It encourages them to read loudly which improves their pronunciation and a lot of them find it enjoyable.

  • Bandit

    Great post. Thanks for sharing this with everyone. I will try this next week in my ESL class.

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