English Grammar - Tag questions

Form

auxiliary verb + subject

1. If the auxiliary verb in the sentence is positive, the tag is negative.
You are Spanish, aren't you?

2. If the auxiliary verb in the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.
You're not Spanish, are you?

3. If there is no auxiliary verb in the sentence, we use do.
You live in Spain, don't you?

Functions and examples

1. We use tag questions to confirm information.
This meal is horrible, isn't it?
That film was fantastic, wasn't it?

2. We use tag questions when we are already sure of the answer and just want confirmation (falling intonation with the tag question).

3. We use tag questions to check information.
You haven't got a piece of paper, have you?
You don't know where the boss is, do you?
The meeting's tomorrow at 9am, isn't it?

4. If we do not know the answer, these are real questions, and we use a rising intonation with the tag question.

Important points

1. In the present tense, if the subject is 'I', the auxiliary changes to 'are' or 'aren't'.
I'm sitting next to you, aren't I?

2. With 'let's', the tag question is 'shall we'.
Let's go to the beach, shall we?

3. With an imperative, the tag question is 'will you'.
Close the window, will you?

4. We use a positive tag question after a sentence containing a negative word such as never, hardly, nobody.
Nobody lives in this house, do they?
You've never liked me, have you?

5. When the subject is nothing, we use 'it' in the tag question.
Nothing bad happened, did it?

6. When the subject is nobody, somebody, everybody, no one, someone, or everyone, we use 'they' in the tag question.
Nobody asked for me, did they?

7. If the main verb in the sentence is 'have' (not an auxiliary verb), it is more common to use 'do' in the question tag.
You have a Ferrari, don't you?

8. With used to, we use 'didn't' in the tag question.
You used to work here, didn't you?

9. We can use positive question tags after positive sentences to express a reaction such as surprise or interest.
You're moving to Brazil, are you?

See also: Questions / Indirect questions

Teaching Tag questions

quote After I introduce the topic, we usually play bingo with tag endings. I give students cards like the bingo ones with different tag endings (for example ..., did she? ..., haven't they?). Then I take a paper and read the sentence (e.g. She went to the supermarket). If they have a possible ending, they cross it out. The idea is to complete the card first. Students enjoy the game a lot! They have to pay attention to the tense and pronoun used."
Cin

quote I find that children need to understand the basic concepts of positive and negative statements as well as identify the subject and its pronoun form. So before I begin the lesson on question tags, I introduce and review these concepts with my children first. Once this is done, the majority of the children are able to grasp the question tag rules fairly easily and controlled practice follows the lesson presentation. Finally, I get the children to challenge each other by posing either positive or negative statements. Children respond by placing an appropriate question tag to the statement. This can be done in the form of a game where the children earn points if they are successful in completing the question tag. Oral practice also allows children to practise the rising intonation that is required in tag questions."
Jamie

quote Conduct a simple survey such as "Find someone who..." Instead of using regular questions, make tag questions for each item."
Susan

quote I provide my students with different cards with question tag answers then I start to read some sentences and the student who has the appropriate answer should stand up once he/she hears the sentence. This technique enables shy students to take part in the lesson.
Rachid Hasnaoui, Tunisia

quote I teach tag questions using Jenga. I write the sentences on the jenga pieces and students need to make the tags while building the jenga. The students are very competitive and they love to play Jenga, so it works for many structures. If you write the sentences in pencil, you can erase them and use jenga for other structures.
Lynda Deckard Ramos

quote Well I teach intermediate level students so I ask them to write sentences about themselves like personal information, likes, dislikes, last weekend activities, future plans, after they read the sentence, a partner should repeat the information with a tag for example: "You don't like rock music, do you?"
Elsa Sanchez

quote 1 Give students 5 minutes to complete sentences about themselves (I live... I like... I don`t like... I want... My birthday is... I can... I can`t... etc. ) 2 Have students exchange their papers in pairs. 3 A student reads his partner's sentence and makes a tag question about his partner. 4 The partner has to give the correct answer. 5 After a few minutes, switch partners.
Kris

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